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scenario-analysis

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Updated 10-16 08:46

About this skill

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On first use: Read ../../CLAUDE.md to obtain scenario-level configuration (scenario definition standards/historical benchmarks/probability estimation methods).


/scenario-analysis — Scenario Analysis

Examples

→ Example: The user says "Help me create a financial forecast for three scenarios: optimistic/base/pessimistic." The system should invoke this skill and perform a three-scenario financial forecast analysis.

→ Example: The user says "How much will a 30% surge in raw material prices affect our profit next year?" The system should invoke this skill and perform a price shock sensitivity analysis.

→ Example: The user says "A competitor price war has started; help me assess the impact on us." The system should invoke this skill and perform a competitive scenario analysis.

Step 1: Determine the analysis framework

Analysis target and scope:

□ 分析对象:[项目/业务单元/公司]
□ 分析维度:[财务回报/现金流/估值/战略影响]
□ 币种:[CNY]

□ 关键假设变量([X] 个):
  → 变量 1:[收入增长率] — 基准 [X]%
  → 变量 2:[毛利率] — 基准 [X]%
  → 变量 3:[利率/折现率] — 基准 [X]%
  → 变量 4:[...] — 基准 [...]

Number and definition of scenarios:

□ 情景结构:
  → 情景 1:基准情景(最可能发生)
  → 情景 2:乐观情景(上行情景)
  → 情景 3:悲观情景(下行情景)
  → [情景 4:极端悲观(如需)]
  → [情景 5:极端乐观(如需)]

□ 情景概率分配:
  → 基准:[X]%
  → 乐观:[X]%
  → 悲观:[X]%
  → 合计:100%

Step 2: Base scenario design

Base scenario assumptions:

□ 宏观经济假设:
  → GDP 增速:[X]%
  → 行业增速:[X]%
  → 利率水平:[X]%

□ 业务假设:
  → 收入增长率:[X]%([假设依据])
  → 毛利率:[X]%([假设依据])
  → 运营费用率:[X]%
  → 资本支出:[X] 万/年

□ 财务预测([X] 年):
  → Year 1:收入 [X] 万,EBITDA [X] 万
  → Year 2:收入 [X] 万,EBITDA [X] 万
  → Year 3:收入 [X] 万,EBITDA [X] 万

Base scenario financial results:

□ 核心指标:
  → NPV:[X] 万 [✅ > 0 / 🔴 < 0]
  → IRR:[X]%(vs 门槛 [X]%)[✅ > 门槛 / 🔴 < 门槛]
  → 回收期:[X] 年

□ 自由现金流(FCF):
  → Year 1:[X] 万
  → Year 2:[X] 万
  → Year 3:[X] 万
  → 累计 FCF:[X] 万

Step 3: Optimistic/pessimistic scenario design

Optimistic scenario assumptions (vs. base [+/-X]%):

□ 假设变化:
  → 收入增长率:[X]%(基准 [X]%,提升 [X]%)
  → 毛利率:[X]%(基准 [X]%,提升 [X]%)
  → 运营费用率:[X]%(基准 [X]%,降低 [X]%)

□ 乐观情景财务结果:
  → NPV:[X] 万
  → IRR:[X]%
  → 概率:[X]%

Pessimistic scenario assumptions (vs. base [-X]%):

□ 假设变化:
  → 收入增长率:[X]%(基准 [X]%,下降 [X]%)
  → 毛利率:[X]%(基准 [X]%,下降 [X]%)
  → 运营费用率:[X]%(基准 [X]%,上升 [X]%)

□ 悲观情景财务结果:
  → NPV:[X] 万 [🔴 < 0]
  → IRR:[X]%([🔴 < 门槛])
  → 概率:[X]%

Scenario comparison summary:

| 情景 | 收入增长率 | 毛利率 | NPV(万) | IRR | 概率 |
|------|----------|--------|----------|-----|------|
| 乐观 | [X]% | [X]% | [+X] | [X]% | [X]% |
| 基准 | [X]% | [X]% | [X] | [X]% | [X]% |
| 悲观 | [X]% | [X]% | [-X] | [X]% | [X]% |

Step 4: Probability-weighted analysis

Expected value (probability-weighted NPV) calculation:

□ 期望 NPV = Σ (情景 NPV × 概率)

  = ([X] 万 × [X]%) + ([X] 万 × [X]%) + ([-X] 万 × [X]%)
  = [X] 万 + [X] 万 + [-X] 万
  = [X] 万

□ 期望 NPV > 0:[✅ 期望值为正 / 🔴 期望值为负]

□ NPV 下行风险:
  → 悲观情景 NPV:[-X] 万
  → 概率加权下行损失:[X] 万

Upside/downside asymmetry analysis:

□ 上行潜力(乐观 vs 基准):
  → NPV 增厚:[+X] 万([+X]%)

□ 下行风险(基准 vs 悲观):
  → NPV 减少:[X] 万([-X]%)

□ 风险回报比:
  → 上行/下行比 = [X]:[X]
  → [⚠️ 风险不对称 / ✅ 风险收益对称]

Step 5: Sensitivity analysis

Single-variable sensitivity analysis:

□ 对收入增长率敏感性:
| 收入增长率变化 | NPV 变化 | IRR 变化 |
|--------------|---------|---------|
| +5% | [+X]万 | [+X]% |
| +2% | [+X]万 | [+X]% |
| -2% | [-X]万 | [-X]% |
| -5% | [-X]万 | [-X]% |

□ 对毛利率敏感性:
| 毛利率变化 | NPV 变化 |
|----------|---------|
| +2% | [+X]万 |
| -2% | [-X]万 |

Two-variable sensitivity (impact on NPV):

□ 收入增长率 vs 毛利率:
         毛利率-2%  毛利率  毛利率+2%
收入+5%   [X]      [X]      [X]
收入基准   [X]      [X]      [X]
收入-5%   [X]      [X]      [X]

Identification of key critical points:

□ NPV = 0 的临界条件:
  → 收入增长率须维持 > [X]% 才能不亏损
  → 毛利率须维持 > [X]% 才能不亏损
  → 折现率须维持 < [X]% 才能不亏损

□ 投资不可逆性程度:[高/中/低]

Step 6: Generate the scenario analysis report

═══════════════════════════════════════
情景分析报告
分析标的:[项目名称]
报告日期:[YYYY-MM-DD]
═══════════════════════════════════════

【分析框架】
□ 情景数量:[X] 个
□ 关键变量:[X] 个
□ 分析期间:[X] 年

【情景设定】
□ 乐观情景:[X]% 概率 — 收入 [X]% / 毛利率 [X]%
□ 基准情景:[X]% 概率 — 收入 [X]% / 毛利率 [X]%
□ 悲观情景:[X]% 概率 — 收入 [X]% / 毛利率 [X]%

【财务结果对比】
| 情景 | NPV(万) | IRR | 回收期 | 概率 |
|------|----------|-----|--------|------|
| 乐观 | [+X] | [X]% | [X]年 | [X]% |
| 基准 | [X] | [X]% | [X]年 | [X]% |
| 悲观 | [-X] | [X]% | [X]年 | [X]% |

【概率加权结果】
□ 期望 NPV:[X] 万 [✅ 正 / 🔴 负]
□ 概率加权 IRR:[X]%

【风险回报分析】
□ 上行潜力:[+X] 万([+X]%)
□ 下行风险:[-X] 万([-X]%)
□ 风险回报比:[X]:[X]

【敏感性分析】
□ 最关键变量:[变量名]
□ NPV=0 临界值:[条件描述]

【关键发现】
□ [发现 1]
□ [发现 2]

【决策建议】
□ [建议:推进/谨慎推进/不推荐]
□ 建议条件:[条件描述]

═══════════════════════════════════════
置信度:[✅ 高 / ⚠️ 中 / 🔴 低]
分析结论:[✅ 乐观 / ⚠️ 谨慎乐观 / 🔴 风险较大]
═══════════════════════════════════════

Escalation trigger conditions

  • NPV < 0 under all scenarios (not worth investing under any circumstances)
  • Pessimistic scenario probability revised upward > [X]% (external risks intensifying)
  • Optimistic scenario depends on a single variable (that variable is highly uncertain)
  • The NPV = 0 critical condition is too stringent (difficult to satisfy in reality)
  • A major capital expenditure decision must be made based on the scenario analysis (> [X] ten thousand)
  • Multi-scenario analysis results are inconsistent (IRR vs NPV conclusions conflict)

Finance Skills — scenario-analysis atomic skill