Overview
This skill provides comprehensive engineering and technical terminology knowledge for trilingual translation work (English, Japanese, Chinese Traditional). Use this when working with technical documents, software engineering materials, hardware specifications, or scientific content.
The terminology is organized into domain-specific glossaries with progressive disclosure, allowing you to access detailed terminology only when needed.
How to Use Glossaries
Available Glossaries
All glossaries are located in the glossaries/ subdirectory:
- software-engineering.md - Core software engineering concepts, design patterns, testing, version control
- web-development.md - Frontend/backend frameworks, web technologies, API design
- devops-cloud.md - DevOps practices, cloud computing, containerization, infrastructure
- data-engineering.md - Data processing, databases, analytics, data pipelines
- ai-ml.md - Artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, LLMs
- hardware-electronics.md - Hardware design, electronics, embedded systems
Searching Across Glossaries
When translating a technical document:
- Identify the domain - Determine which glossary(ies) are most relevant
- Read the glossary - Use the Read tool to access the specific glossary file
- Search for terms - Use Grep tool if you need to search across multiple glossaries
- Maintain consistency - Create a project-specific term list for recurring translations
Example workflow:
User: "Translate this API documentation"
→ Read web-development.md (for REST, GraphQL, endpoint)
→ Read software-engineering.md (for architecture, testing)
Transliteration vs Translation
Keep English (or transliterate):
- Widely adopted acronyms: API, SDK, GUI, REST, JSON, XML
- Product/brand names: React, Docker, Kubernetes, AWS
- Programming languages: Python, JavaScript, TypeScript
- When the English term is standard in the target language
Translate:
- Conceptual terms with established translations
- General engineering concepts
- User-facing content and documentation
- When clarity for non-technical users is important
Regional Variations
Taiwan vs Hong Kong Chinese:
- This skill uses Taiwan (Chinese name: 台灣) conventions as the default
- Hong Kong (Chinese name: 香港) may use different terms, especially for computing
- Examples:
- Software: Taiwan uses 軟體; Hong Kong uses 軟件
- Network: Taiwan uses 網路; Hong Kong uses 網絡
- Information: Taiwan uses 資訊; Hong Kong uses 信息
Japanese Variations:
- Technical documents mix kanji, katakana, and English
- Use katakana for borrowed technical terms; for example, サーバー is the Japanese rendering of "server"
- Formal documents use more kanji, casual content more katakana
Core Translation Principles
Principle 1: Consistency
Technical terms should remain consistent throughout a document. Create a terminology glossary for each translation project to ensure uniformity.
Principle 2: Context Matters
The same English term may have different translations depending on context:
- Programming function — Japanese: 関数; Taiwan Chinese: 函式
- Function in general use — Japanese: 機能; Taiwan Chinese: 功能
- Programming data type — Japanese: 型; Taiwan Chinese: 型別
- Type meaning category — Japanese: タイプ; Taiwan Chinese: 類型
Principle 3: Audience Awareness
Technical depth varies by audience:
- Engineers: Can use more technical jargon, keep English acronyms
- Technical managers: Balance technical terms with clarity
- End users: Prefer natural language translations, explain acronyms
Principle 4: Official Standards
For major products and standards, check official localizations:
- Microsoft terminology database
- Apple Human Interface Guidelines (localized)
- Google Developer documentation (localized)
- IEEE, ISO international standards
Quick Reference: Most Common Terms
| English | Japanese | Chinese (Traditional) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| API | API — Japanese pronunciation: エーピーアイ | API — Taiwan Chinese: 應用程式介面 (application programming interface) | Keep acronym usually |
| Framework | Framework: フレームワーク | framework | - |
| Database | Database: データベース | database | Often shortened to DB |
| Algorithm | Algorithm: アルゴリズム | algorithm | - |
| Architecture | Architecture: アーキテクチャ | architecture | System architecture — Japanese term: システムアーキテクチャ; Taiwan Chinese term: 系統架構 |
| Backend | Backend: バックエンド | backend | - |
| Frontend | Frontend: フロントエンド | frontend | - |
| Deploy | Deployment: デプロイ | deployment | Deployment — Japanese term: デプロイメント; Taiwan Chinese term: 部署作業 |
| Debug | Debug: デバッグ | debugging | - |
| Compile | Compile: コンパイル | compilation | Compiler — Japanese term: コンパイラ; Taiwan Chinese term: 編譯器 |
| Runtime | Runtime: ランタイム | runtime | Runtime environment — Japanese term: 実行環境; Taiwan Chinese term: 執行環境 |
| Library | Library: ライブラリ | library | - |
| Module | Module: モジュール | module | - |
| Container | Container: コンテナ | container | Docker container, etc. |
| Pipeline | Pipeline: パイプライン | pipeline | CI/CD pipeline |
| Repository | Repository: リポジトリ | repository | Code repository |
| Branch | Branch: ブランチ | branch | Git branch |
| Commit | Commit: コミット | commit | Git commit |
| Merge | Merge: マージ | merge | Git merge |
| Cloud | Cloud: クラウド | cloud | Cloud computing — Japanese term: クラウドコンピューティング; Taiwan Chinese term: 雲端運算 |
| Server | Server: サーバー | server | - |
| Client | Client: クライアント | client | - |
| Request | Request: リクエスト | request | HTTP request |
| Response | Response: レスポンス | response | HTTP response |
| Query | query | query | Database query |
| Schema | Schema: スキーマ | schema | Database schema |
| Model | Model: モデル | model | Data model, ML model |
| Interface | Interface: インターフェース | interface | User interface — Japanese term: ユーザーインターフェース; Taiwan Chinese term: 使用者介面 |
| Component | Component: コンポーネント | component | Software component |
| Service | Service: サービス | service | Microservice, web service |
Best Practices
1. Create Project Glossaries
For each translation project, maintain a consistent terminology list. Document decisions about:
- Which acronyms to keep in English
- Which terms to translate vs transliterate
- Domain-specific terminology choices
- Client or project-specific preferences
2. Verify Technical Accuracy
Always verify that technical translations maintain the correct meaning:
- Consult domain experts when uncertain
- Test translations with native speakers in the field
- Check that code examples remain executable
- Ensure technical procedures are still accurate
3. Handle Code and Technical Elements
When translating documents with code:
- Keep code unchanged unless explicitly localizing
- Keep variable names in English (standard practice)
- Translate comments in code blocks
- Translate string literals for user-facing text
- Keep API endpoints and technical identifiers unchanged
4. Units and Measurements
Be careful with units and measurements:
- Keep SI units (meters, kilograms) as-is
- Note regional terminology: meter may be written 公尺 or 米
- Convert units only when the target audience expects different units
- Always double-check numerical values and formulas
5. Cross-References and Citations
Maintain proper references:
- Keep citation numbers and reference IDs unchanged
- Translate citation text (author names may stay in original)
- Update hyperlinks if localized versions exist
- Maintain bibliography formatting standards
Quality Checklist
When translating engineering content:
- Technical terms are accurately translated
- Terminology is consistent throughout the document
- Acronyms are handled appropriately (keep or translate)
- Code samples remain syntactically correct
- Comments in code are translated
- Variable names and identifiers are preserved
- Mathematical formulas and symbols are unchanged
- Units and measurements are correctly handled
- Cross-references and citations are properly maintained
- Hyperlinks are updated to localized versions if available
- Technical accuracy is verified (ideally by domain expert)
- Target language feels natural to native speakers
- Formatting (markdown, LaTeX, etc.) is preserved
- Images, diagrams, and figures are referenced correctly
Additional Resources
For terms not found in the glossaries:
- Microsoft Language Portal - Extensive terminology database
- Google Developer Documentation - Check localized versions
- IEEE Standards - For electrical and electronic engineering
- ISO Standards - For international technical standards
- Academic Papers - Check translations in published papers in the field
- Product Documentation - Official translations from major tech companies
Contributing to Glossaries
When you encounter important terms not in the glossaries, note them for future additions. Prioritize:
- Frequently used terms in your domain
- Terms with ambiguous or multiple translations
- Newly emerging technical concepts
- Terms where regional variations are significant