Scope & Variants
Slovenian is a single standard target — Modern Standard Slovenian (knjižna slovenščina). No regional split for product UI:
| Locale | Notes |
|---|---|
sl / sl-SI |
Standard Slovenian (Slovenia). Default and only target. |
Practical reality: Slovenian translation has one target. The defining quality concern is the dual number — a feature unique to Slovenian among major modern European languages (Sorbian also has it but is much smaller). Failing to use dual is the most-mocked Slovenian translation error.
Slovenian is its own South Slavic language
Slovenian is mutually intelligible with Croatian and Serbian to some degree but is structurally distinct. Don't conflate them. Key distinguishing features:
- Dual number (Slovenian has it; Croatian/Serbian don't — they merged dual into plural).
- Different vocabulary:
datoteka(sl/hr/sr same),mapa(sl/hr same — sr usesfascikla/folder), butokno(sl) vsprozor(hr/sr) for "window". prihrnitivs Croatianspremitifor "save" — Slovenian usesshraniti.- Slovenian doesn't have ekavian/ijekavian distinction — it has its own yat reflexes.
Register Auto-Detection (Apply Before Translating)
Slovenian has a strong T-V distinction (Vi/ti — called "vikanje" vs "tikanje"). Auto-detect from source:
| Source signal | Target register |
|---|---|
Casual / conversational / personal (Hey!, contractions, emoji, marketing voice, gaming) |
Informal (ti / tikanje) — ti lowercase, 2nd-person sg. verb endings (-š: lahko, vidiš), familiar imperative (singular: izberi, klikni, odpri). |
| Neutral product UI / docs / consumer software (DEFAULT) | Formal (Vi / vikanje) — Vi capitalized for direct address, 2nd-person pl. verb endings (-te: lahko, vidite), polite imperative (-te/-ite: izberite, kliknite, odprite). Possessive Vaš/Vaša/Vaše capitalized. |
| Legal / banking / government / enterprise | Formal (Vi) elevated — same Vi form but full constructions, no contractions, prefer impersonal se constructions, native Slovenian vocabulary. |
Hard rule: never mix levels in one text. A string with Lahko spremenite (formal verb) and tvoje nastavitve (informal possessive) is broken.
Capitalization rule for Vi: Vi / Vaš / Vaša / Vaše / Vam / Vas are capitalized in direct second-person address.
Default for software UI: Vi (vikanje, formal) unless brand voice is explicitly youth/casual.
Critical Hard Rules (Severity ≥ 2.0 — Auto-Fail If Wrong)
1. DUAL NUMBER — exactly 2 items takes a separate grammatical number (severity 3.0)
THE DEFINING FEATURE OF SLOVENIAN. Slovenian is one of the very few modern Indo-European languages that actively preserves the dual as a productive grammatical number distinct from plural.
For exactly 2 of anything: noun, adjective, verb auxiliary, pronoun, and past participle ALL take dedicated dual forms.
| Number | Form (with "datoteka" — file, fem.) | Adj. + Noun | Verb (past) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (singular) | datoteka | nova datoteka | je delala |
| 2 (DUAL) | datoteki | novi datoteki | sta delali |
| 3, 4 (plural) | datoteke | nove datoteke | so delale |
| 5+ (gen.pl.) | datotek | novih datotek | so delale |
Same for masculine:
| Number | "sistem" (m.) | Adj. + Noun | Verb (past) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sistem | nov sistem | je deloval |
| 2 | sistema | nova sistema | sta delovala |
| 3-4 | sistemi | novi sistemi | so delovali |
| 5+ | sistemov | novih sistemov | so delovali |
And neuter:
| Number | "okno" (n.) | Adj. + Noun | Verb (past) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | okno | novo okno | je delovalo |
| 2 | okni | novi okni | sta delovali |
| 3-4 | okna | nova okna | so delovala |
| 5+ | oken | novih oken | so delovala |
Critical UI examples:
| ✗ Wrong (treating 2 as plural) | ✓ Correct (using dual) | English |
|---|---|---|
| 2 datoteke | 2 datoteki | 2 files |
| 2 sistemi | 2 sistema | 2 systems |
| 2 sporočila | 2 sporočili | 2 messages (neuter dual) |
| dva nova računalniki | dva nova računalnika | two new computers |
| dve novi datoteke | dve novi datoteki | two new files |
| so delali (for 2 people) | sta delala (or sta delali if fem.) |
they (two) worked |
2. Word integrity — verb prefixes NEVER split (severity 3.0)
Slovenian verbs with prefixes are single words. Splitting them is a critical error.
| ✗ Wrong (split) | ✓ Correct (joined) |
|---|---|
pre vesti |
prevesti (to translate) |
iz vesti |
izvesti (to execute) |
na ložiti |
naložiti (to upload / load) |
od dati |
oddati (to submit) |
pri javiti se |
prijaviti se (to log in) |
pre nesti |
prenesti (to download / transfer) |
za pisati |
zapisati (to write) |
Reflexive se / si is SEPARATE clitic — not attached to verb in writing. prijaviti se, zaregistrirati se, nahajati se. Writing prijavitise is wrong.
3. Six-case system (severity 2.5)
Slovenian uses 6 cases (same as Slovak — no separate vocative; direct address uses nominative).
| Case | Question | Use | Example (m. "uporabnik") | Example (f. "aplikacija") |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imenovalnik (NOM) | kdo? kaj? | Subject (and direct address) | uporabnik | aplikacija |
| Rodilnik (GEN) | koga? česa? | Possession, "of", absence, 5+ count | uporabnika | aplikacije |
| Dajalnik (DAT) | komu? čemu? | Indirect object, "to" | uporabniku | aplikaciji |
| Tožilnik (ACC) | koga? kaj? | Direct object | uporabnika (animate=GEN) / sistem (inanimate=NOM) | aplikacijo |
| Mestnik (MES) | o kom? čem? | Location (always w/ prep) | o uporabniku | o aplikaciji |
| Orodnik (ORO) | s kom? čim? | "With", means | z uporabnikom | z aplikacijo |
Critical: animate masculine accusative = genitive form. vidim uporabnika, NOT vidim uporabnik.
4. Preposition + governed case (severity 2.5)
| Preposition | Case | Example |
|---|---|---|
| v (in/into) | MES (location) / ACC (motion) | v sistemu / v sistem |
| na (on/onto) | MES / ACC | na zaslonu / na zaslon |
| z / s (with) | ORO | z uporabnikom, s sistemom |
| brez (without) | GEN | brez napak |
| za (for) | ACC | za uporabnika |
| od (from) | GEN | od uporabnika |
| do (until/to) | GEN | do konca |
| o (about) | MES | o uporabniku |
| po (after / per / along) | MES (after) / DAT (rate) | po prijavi / na datoteko (per file) |
| pred (before) | ORO / ACC | pred shranjevanjem / pred sistem |
| pri (at, near) | MES | pri shranjevanju |
| med (between, during) | ORO / ACC | med datotekami |
| k (to/toward) | DAT | k uporabniku |
"per" in Slovenian: use na + ACC (na datoteko, na uporabnika), dnevno for "per day".
5. ICU plurals — one / two / few / other (severity 3.0)
Slovenian's ICU plural categories are unique because they include the two category for the dual:
{count, plural,
one {# datoteka}
two {# datoteki}
few {# datoteke}
other {# datotek}
}
CLDR plural category boundaries:
| Category | Rule | Examples | Noun form |
|---|---|---|---|
one |
n % 100 = 1 | 1, 101, 201, 301 | NOM singular (datoteka) |
two |
n % 100 = 2 | 2, 102, 202, 302 | DUAL (datoteki) |
few |
n % 100 ∈ {3, 4} | 3, 4, 103, 104 | NOM plural (datoteke) |
other |
everything else | 0, 5-100, 105+ | GEN plural (datotek) |
Critical: ICU MUST include the two category for Slovenian. Falling back to just one/other (English-style) is a critical error — speakers will immediately notice the missing dual.
6. Numeral-noun agreement (severity 2.5)
| Count | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | NOM sg | 1 datoteka, 1 sistem |
| 2 | DUAL | 2 datoteki, 2 sistema, 2 okni |
| 3, 4 | NOM pl | 3 datoteke, 4 sistemi |
| 5+ | GEN pl | 5 datotek, 10 sistemov |
| 0 | GEN pl | 0 datotek |
| 101 | NOM sg (back to "one") | 101 datoteka |
| 102 | DUAL (back to "two") | 102 datoteki |
7. Three-gender adjective agreement (severity 2.0)
| Gender | Example | Adjective NOM sg. |
|---|---|---|
| Masculine (consonant ending) | sistem, uporabnik, računalnik | nov sistem (NO -i ending on indefinite!) |
| Feminine (-a ending) | aplikacija, mapa | nova aplikacija |
| Neuter (-o/-e ending) | okno, sporočilo | novo okno |
Note vs other Slavic: Slovenian masculine indefinite adjective is nov (bare consonant ending) — NOT novi. The -i ending marks definite (only in certain syntactic positions). This is a Slovenian-specific feature different from Croatian/Serbian/Czech/Slovak.
| ✗ Wrong | ✓ Correct |
|---|---|
| novi sistem (when indefinite) | nov sistem (a new system) |
| novi uporabnik (when indefinite) | nov uporabnik |
| nova okno | novo okno |
| nov aplikacija | nova aplikacija |
8. Past-tense gender + number agreement (severity 2.0)
Past participles agree with subject in gender AND number (INCLUDING dual!):
| Subject | L-participle | Example |
|---|---|---|
| m. sg. | -l | on je delal |
| f. sg. | -la | ona je delala |
| n. sg. | -lo | ono je delalo |
| m. dual | -la | onadva sta delala |
| f. dual | -li | onidve sta delali |
| n. dual | -li | onidve sta delali (neuter dual takes f.-dual form in modern Slovenian) |
| m. pl. | -li | oni so delali |
| f. pl. | -le | one so delale |
| n. pl. | -la | ona so delala |
Dual forms with auxiliary sta (for 2 people) — NOT so (which is plural for 3+).
9. Verb aspect — perfective vs imperfective (severity 2.0)
| Imperfective (process, ongoing) | Perfective (single completed event) | English |
|---|---|---|
| shranjevati | shraniti | save |
| brisati | izbrisati | delete |
| nalagati | naložiti | upload / load |
| prenašati | prenesti | download / transfer |
| odpirati | odpreti | open |
| zapirati | zapreti | close |
| ustvarjati | ustvariti | create |
| urejati | urediti | edit |
| prevajati | prevesti | translate |
| prijavljati se | prijaviti se | log in |
UI patterns by aspect:
- Buttons (single action) → perfective imperative:
Shrani,Izbriši,Pošlji,Izberi. - Ongoing status → imperfective verbal noun (
Shranjevanje…,Nalaganje…) or reflexive imperfective (se shranjuje). - Completed → perfective neuter participle (
Shranjeno,Naloženo).
10. Verb-construction integrity — no stacked finite verbs (severity 2.0)
English -ing (gerund as adverbial) MUST be rendered with deležje na -č (present adverbial participle: gradeč, delajoč, pišoč) OR med + verbal noun, NOT a second finite clause.
Note: the adverbial participle in modern Slovenian is somewhat literary; the med + verbal noun construction is more common in product copy.
| ✗ Stacked finite | ✓ Adverbial participle / med + noun | English |
|---|---|---|
Preživel sem 6 let gradil sem podjetje |
Preživel sem 6 let z gradnjo podjetja OR Preživel sem 6 let gradeč podjetje |
I spent 6 years building the business |
Delal sem medtem ko sem pisal poročilo |
Delal sem med pisanjem poročila OR Delal sem pišoč poročilo |
I worked while writing the report |
11. Diacritics — Č Š Ž essential (severity 2.5)
Slovenian uses three special letters: č š ž. Never strip them.
| ✗ Stripped | ✓ Correct |
|---|---|
| sirina | širina |
| nacin | način |
| zelo | želo (or zelo = "very" — they're different words!) |
| krizisce | križišče |
| druzba | družba |
Slovenian does NOT use ć / đ (those are Croatian/Serbian/Bosnian markers — if you see them in a Slovenian translation, something is wrong).
Pronouns and Possessives
Personal pronouns
| English | Slovenian | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| I | jaz | |
| you (sg. informal) | ti | |
| you (sg./pl. formal — capitalize) | Vi | Always capitalized in direct address |
| you (pl. informal) | vi | lowercase when truly plural informal |
| he | on | |
| she | ona | |
| it | ono | |
| we (two) | midva (m.) / midve (f.) | DUAL pronoun |
| you (two) | vidva (m.) / vidve (f.) | DUAL pronoun |
| they (two) | onadva (m.) / onidve (f.) | DUAL pronoun |
| we (3+) | mi | |
| you (3+) | vi | |
| they (m. 3+) | oni | |
| they (f. 3+) | one | |
| they (n. 3+) | ona |
Possessive pronouns
| Person | m. sg. | f. sg. | n. sg. |
|---|---|---|---|
| moj (my) | moj | moja | moje |
| tvoj (your sg.) | tvoj | tvoja | tvoje |
| Vaš (your formal — capitalize) | Vaš | Vaša | Vaše |
| njegov (his) | njegov | njegova | njegovo |
| njen (her) | njen | njena | njeno |
| svoj (reflexive — own) | svoj | svoja | svoje |
| naš (our) | naš | naša | naše |
| njihov (their) | njihov | njihova | njihovo |
Reflexive svoj is required when possessor = subject of same clause.
UI Conventions
Buttons — perfective imperative
| English | ✓ Slovenian (Vi formal) | (ti informal) |
|---|---|---|
| Save | Shranite | Shrani |
| Cancel | Prekličite | Prekliči |
| Delete | Izbrišite | Izbriši |
| Send | Pošljite | Pošlji |
| Edit | Uredite | Uredi |
| Search | Iščite | Išči |
| Confirm | Potrdite | Potrdi |
| Continue | Nadaljujte | Nadaljuj |
| Submit | Pošljite / Oddajte | Pošlji / Oddaj |
| Sign in / Log in | Prijavite se | Prijavi se |
| Sign out | Odjavite se | Odjavi se |
| Sign up | Registrirajte se | Registriraj se |
| Next | Naprej / Naslednje | (same) |
| Back | Nazaj | (same) |
| Done | Končano / Opravljeno | (same) |
| OK | V redu / OK | (same) |
| Close | Zaprite | Zapri |
| Upload | Naložite | Naloži |
| Download | Prenesite | Prenesi |
| Refresh | Osvežite | Osveži |
| Settings | Nastavitve | (same) |
| Apply | Uporabite | Uporabi |
| Reset | Ponastavite | Ponastavi |
| Select all | Izberite vse | Izberi vse |
| Add more | Dodajte še (NOT Dodaj več) |
Dodaj še |
Status messages — three distinct patterns
Ongoing (in-flight) → verbal noun (Nalaganje…) OR reflexive imperfective (se nalaga…) OR Poteka + verbal noun (NEVER first-person)
| English | ✓ Slovenian |
|---|---|
| Loading… | Nalaganje… / Datoteka se nalaga… / Poteka nalaganje… |
| Saving… | Shranjevanje… / se shranjuje… |
| Sending… | Pošiljanje… / se pošilja… |
| Processing… | Obdelava… / se obdeluje… / Poteka obdelava… |
| Connecting… | Povezovanje… |
| Searching… | Iskanje… / se išče… |
| Translating… | Prevajanje… / Poteka prevod… |
| Please wait | Prosimo, počakajte / Počakajte… |
Critical impersonal voice rule: NEVER first-person (Računam…, Analiziram…, Obdelujem…) — sounds awkward. Always impersonal.
Completed → Neuter perfective participle (impersonal)
| English | ✓ Slovenian |
|---|---|
| Saved | Shranjeno |
| Done | Končano / Opravljeno |
| Translation complete | Prevedeno / Prevod končan |
| File uploaded | Naloženo / Datoteka naložena |
| Sent | Poslano |
| Payment successful | Plačilo uspešno / Plačano |
Failed → Ni uspelo + infinitive OR Napaka pri + verbal noun
| English | ✓ Slovenian |
|---|---|
| Save failed | Ni uspelo shraniti / Napaka pri shranjevanju |
| Upload failed | Ni uspelo naložiti / Napaka pri nalaganju |
| Translation failed | Ni uspelo prevesti / Napaka pri prevajanju |
| File not found | Datoteka ni najdena / Datoteka ne obstaja |
NEVER use:
- ✗
Prevod ni uspel(sounds like "the translation didn't succeed" — flat narrative tone) - ✗
Shranjevanje neuspešno(calque)
Empty states — Ni X / Ni izbrano
| ✗ Verbose / bare | ✓ Concise |
|---|---|
| Prazno | Ni rezultatov / Ni najdenih elementov |
| Nič tukaj | Ni datotek / Ni razpoložljivih podatkov |
Drag-and-drop
- drag → povlecite (Vi) / povleci (ti)
- drop → spustite (Vi) / spusti (ti)
- Combined:
Povlecite datoteke sem(Drag files here).
File picker — Izberi not Prebrskaj
Standard in Chrome SL / Windows SL:
| ✗ Older / navigation | ✓ Modern / action-oriented |
|---|---|
| Prebrskaj datoteke | Izberi datoteke |
| Prebrskaj datoteko | Izberi datoteko |
| kliknite za brskanje | kliknite za izbiro |
Quantity expressions
| ✗ Calque | ✓ Native |
|---|---|
| 25+ jezikov | več kot 25 jezikov |
| +{count} več | in {count} drugih / še {count} |
Dodaj več ✗ → Dodaj še ✓ (idiomatic).
Error messages — what + next step
| ✗ Bare | ✓ With next step |
|---|---|
| Datoteka ni najdena. | Datoteka ni najdena. Preverite pot. |
| Napaka omrežja. | Napaka omrežja. Poskusite znova. |
Punctuation, Numbers, Dates, Currency
Punctuation
| Mark | Slovenian | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Question mark | ? |
Same as English |
| Comma | , |
Different conjunction rules |
| Period | . |
Same |
| Colon | : |
Same |
| Quotation marks | „…" (low-9/high-9) OR »…« (French-style, inward) |
Both standard in Slovenian |
| Nested quotes | ‚…' or ›…‹ |
Comma rules
| Rule | Example |
|---|---|
NO comma before in (and) |
Izberite datoteko in kliknite. |
NO comma before ter (and, formal) |
hitro ter učinkovito. |
NO comma before ali (or) |
Izberite datoteko ali mapo. |
NO comma before pa (but/and contrast) |
(depends on emphasis) |
Comma before da (that, subordinating) |
Vidim, da je datoteka odprta. |
Comma before ki (relative — non-restrictive) |
Datoteka, ki je shranjena… |
Comma before če (if) |
Shranite, če želite. |
Comma before ker (because) |
Preklicano, ker ni uspelo. |
Comma before ko (when) |
Počakajte, ko bo končano. |
Comma before a / ampak / toda (but/contrast) |
Hitro, ampak učinkovito. |
Numbers
| Format | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Thousands separator | period (.) OR space | 1.234.567 OR 1 234 567 |
| Decimal separator | comma (,) | 3,14 / 99,99 |
| Negative | −25 or -25 |
|
| Percent | 25 % (with space) or 25% |
Dates
| Format | Example | Use |
|---|---|---|
| D. M. YYYY | 15. 1. 2024 | Default — spaces around periods |
| D. mesec YYYY | 15. januar 2024 | Long-form prose (month NOT in genitive — unlike Croatian/Slovak) |
| YYYY-MM-DD | 2024-01-15 | Technical/API only |
Slovenian month names (lowercase, declines in some forms):
| # | Slovenian |
|---|---|
| 1 | januar |
| 2 | februar |
| 3 | marec |
| 4 | april |
| 5 | maj |
| 6 | junij |
| 7 | julij |
| 8 | avgust |
| 9 | september |
| 10 | oktober |
| 11 | november |
| 12 | december |
Note: in Slovenian long-form dates, the month is in NOMINATIVE (15. januar 2024) — different from Croatian (genitive: 15. siječnja 2024) and Slovak (genitive: 15. januára 2024). The figure-only form uses periods with spaces (15. 1. 2024).
Weekdays (lowercase): ponedeljek, torek, sreda, četrtek, petek, sobota, nedelja.
Week starts Monday.
Time
- 24-hour preferred:
14:30or14.30. - 12-hour rarely used.
Currency — Euro (EUR / €)
| Format | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Symbol after amount | € |
99,99 € |
| ISO code | EUR | 99,99 EUR |
Slovenia adopted the euro on 1 January 2007 (previously: Slovenian tolar).
Terminology — preferred Slovenian terms
| English | ✓ Slovenian preferred | ✗ Avoid |
|---|---|---|
| user | uporabnik | user |
| account | račun (banking) / uporabniški račun (account) | akaunt |
| password | geslo | password |
| settings | nastavitve | setingi |
| dashboard | nadzorna plošča | dashboard |
| e-pošta / e-poštni naslov | mejl | |
| link | povezava | link |
| website | spletno mesto / spletna stran | website |
| folder | mapa | folder |
| file | datoteka | fajl |
| device | naprava | device |
| phone | telefon / mobilni telefon | — |
| computer | računalnik | kompjuter |
| application / app | aplikacija | — |
| update (v.) | posodobiti | apdejtovati |
| save | shraniti | sejvati |
| delete | izbrisati | deletovati |
| upload | naložiti | uploadati |
| download | prenesti | downloadati |
| sign in / log in | prijaviti se | logirati se |
| sign up | registrirati se | — |
| search | iskati / iskanje | search |
| click | klikniti / pritisniti | — |
| share | deliti | šerati |
| profile | profil | — |
| notifications | obvestila | notifikacije |
| privacy | zasebnost | — |
| terms | pogoji | — |
| support | podpora | — |
| help | pomoč | — |
| feedback | povratne informacije | — |
| menu | meni | — |
| home | domov / domača stran | — |
| browser | brskalnik | browser |
| screen | zaslon | — |
| keyboard | tipkovnica | — |
| mouse | miška | — |
| software | programska oprema | — |
| build (software) | ustvariti / zgraditi | graditi (= construction) |
| deploy | namestiti / objaviti | deployati |
| pipeline (CI/CD) | pipeline (keep) | — |
| commit (git) | commit (keep) | — |
| merge | združiti / spojiti | — |
| repository | repozitorij | — |
| sync | sinhronizirati | — |
| API | API (keep — Latin always) | — |
| endpoint | končna točka / endpoint | — |
| token | žeton / token | — |
| cache | predpomnilnik / cache | — |
| log (n.) | dnevnik / log | — |
Tech identifiers — keep in Latin script
Inside Slovenian text (Latin alphabet anyway), these stay as-is:
- Git, GitHub, Docker, npm, pip
- HTTP, REST, GraphQL, OAuth, JWT
- JSON, XML, YAML, CSV, PDF
- Brand names: Google, Microsoft, Apple, iPhone, Android
- Commands, paths, URLs, code, placeholders
False Friends — Critical
| Slovenian word | Actually means | NOT this | Correct for the English |
|---|---|---|---|
| vznemirjen | agitated / disturbed (can be negative) | safer "excited" | "excited (looking forward)" → veselim se / navdušen |
| aktualen | current / topical | "actual" | "actual" → dejanski / resničen |
| realizirati | to implement / carry out | "to realize (understand)" | "realize" → spoznati / uvideti |
| eventualno | possibly / perhaps | "eventually" | "eventually" → končno / na koncu |
| kontrolirati | to check / verify | "to control (manage)" | "control" → upravljati / voditi |
| simpatičen | likeable / pleasant | "sympathetic (compassionate)" | "sympathetic" → sočuten |
Calque / Anti-Pattern List
| ✗ Calque | ✓ Native Slovenian | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| To naredi smisel | To je smiselno / To je logično | "Makes sense" calque |
| na koncu dneva | konec koncev / navsezadnje | "At the end of the day" calque |
| vzeti mesto | potekati / odvijati se | "Take place" calque |
| bazirano na | na podlagi / temelječ na | "Based on" calque |
| v redu da | da bi / zato da | "In order to" calque |
| na dnevni bazi | dnevno / vsak dan | "On a daily basis" calque |
| v smislu | glede / kar zadeva | "In terms of" calque (when overused) |
| Avto-zaznano | Samodejno zaznano | "Auto-X" — use full adverb samodejno |
| Avto-shranjeno | Samodejno shranjeno | "Auto-X" |
| Avto-popravek | Samodejni popravek | Use full adjective |
| Avto-dopolnjevanje | Samodejno dopolnjevanje | Use full adjective (neuter) |
| Prevedeni rezultati (header) | Rezultati prevajanja | English Past-Participle + Noun → Slovenian Noun + Genitive of verbal noun |
| Posodobljene nastavitve (header) | Nastavitve posodobitve / Spremembe nastavitev | Same pattern |
| Uvožene datoteke (header) | Datoteke uvoza / Uvoženi dokumenti | Same pattern |
| opcija jezika (N+N) | jezikovne možnosti / izbira jezika | Use adj+N or genitive |
| projekt mapa | mapa projekta / projektna mapa | Use genitive or adjective |
| uporabnik nastavitve | uporabniške nastavitve / nastavitve uporabnika | Use adj or genitive |
| preferenca tona | želeni ton / izbira tona | Anglicism noun → native adj |
| Nič izpadov / Nič napak | Brez izpadov / Brez napak | "Zero X" marketing calque |
| AI-poganjan | temelječ na AI / s pomočjo AI | "X-powered" calque |
| podatki-usmerjen | podatkovno usmerjen / temelječ na podatkih | "X-driven" calque |
| per datoteka | na datoteko | "per X" calque |
| per uporabnik | na uporabnika | "per X" |
| per dan | dnevno / na dan | "per X" |
| Prevod ni uspel | Ni uspelo prevesti / Napaka pri prevajanju | Personal "didn't succeed" → impersonal |
| Shranjevanje neuspešno | Ni uspelo shraniti / Napaka pri shranjevanju | Calque → impersonal |
| Datoteka se je shranila | Shranjeno / Datoteka shranjena | Reflexive past → impersonal participle |
| Prekliči izbiro vsega | Prekliči vse / Odznači vse | Button brevity |
| Izberi izbiro vseh | Izberi vse | Button brevity / redundancy |
| Dodaj več | Dodaj še | "Add more" — use idiomatic še |
| Združene države Amerike (UI) | ZDA | UI short form |
| 2 datoteke (treating as plural) | 2 datoteki (DUAL!) | THE Slovenian rule |
| so delali (for 2) | sta delala/delali (DUAL!) | THE Slovenian rule |
Self-Check Checklist (Run Before Returning Output)
DUAL — auto-fail on miss (severity 3.0)
- Every count of exactly 2 uses dual form on noun, adjective, AND verb auxiliary.
- ICU plurals include
twocategory (NOT just one/other or one/few/other). - Dual past tense:
sta delala(m. dual) /sta delali(f. dual / n. dual) — NOTso delali(which is plural for 3+). - Dual adjective:
dva nova računalnika(m.),dve novi datoteki(f.),dve novi okni(n.). - Dual pronouns: midva/midve (we two), vidva/vidve (you two), onadva/onidve (they two).
Accuracy
- Word integrity — prefixes joined (
prevesti,naložiti,odpreti,prijaviti). Reflexiveseseparate. - Six-case system correct (no separate vocative — direct address uses NOM).
- Animate masc. accusative = genitive (
vidim uporabnika). - Masculine indefinite adjective is bare:
nov sistem(NOTnovi sistemwhen indefinite). - Gender agreement on every noun-adj-verb triple.
- ICU plurals:
one / two / few / other(1 / 2 / 3-4 / 0+5+). All four categories present. - Numeral-noun: 1=NOM.sg, 2=DUAL, 3-4=NOM.pl, 5+=GEN.pl.
- Verb aspect correct.
- Past-tense gender + number agreement including dual.
- No stacked finite verbs from English -ing — use
med + verbal nounor-čparticiple. - Placeholders preserved.
- Latin tech identifiers intact.
- Numbers: comma decimal (3,14), period or space thousands (1.234),
€after amount. - Dates:
15. 1. 2024(spaces!) or15. januar 2024(month in nominative — unlike Croatian/Slovak). - Time: 24-hour.
- per:
na + ACCfor rate,dnevnofor "per day". - Diacritics:
č š žpreserved. Noć / đ / dj(those are Croatian).
Register
- Vi/ti chosen and applied consistently.
-
Vi / Vaš / Vaša / Vašecapitalized in direct address.
UI conventions
- Buttons use perfective imperative (Vi
Shraniteor tiShrani). - Status ongoing: verbal noun (
Nalaganje…) OR reflexivese(se nalaga…) ORPoteka+ noun. NEVER first-person. - Status completed: neuter perfective participle (
Shranjeno,Prevedeno). - Status failed:
Ni uspelo + infinitiveORNapaka pri + verbal noun. - Empty state:
Ni + GEN(Ni rezultatov). - File picker:
Izberi, notPrebrskaj. - Drag-drop:
Povlecite+Spustite. - Quantity:
več kot 25,še {count}. - Error messages include next step.
Naturalness
- No English calques (
To naredi smisel,na koncu dneva,vzeti mesto,bazirano na). - Past-Participle + Noun headers → Noun + Genitive of verbal noun (
Rezultati prevajanja). - Auto-X prefix → full adverb
Samodejno. - N+N compounds → adj+N or genitive.
- No verbose collocations (use direct verbs).
- No false friends:
vznemirjen ≠ excited (positive),aktualen ≠ actual,realizirati ≠ realize,eventualno ≠ eventually. - Proper-noun short forms (
ZDA,ZK).
Worked Example — Standard sl formal UI
Source (neutral product UI):
Welcome back! You have 3 new files in your account. Click Continue to review them or Cancel to stay here. Saving your changes…
Register check: neutral product UI → Vi (formal), perfective imperative buttons.
Translation:
Dobrodošli nazaj! V svojem računu imate 3 nove datoteke. Kliknite Nadaljuj, če jih želite pregledati, ali Prekliči, če želite ostati tukaj. Vaše spremembe se shranjujejo…
Why this works:
Dobrodošli nazaj— formal plural greeting.V svojem računu—v+ MES;računumasc. MES sg.;svojemreflexive possessive.Imate— Vi-form verb.3 nove datoteke—3triggersfew(NOM pl);datotekais f.;noveis f. pl. adjective. (If it were 2:2 novi datoteki— DUAL.)- Buttons:
Nadaljuj,Prekliči(perfective imperative, ti-form — for Vi alternative would beNadaljujte,Prekličite). če jih želite pregledati / če želite ostati—če+ present (correct Slovenian construction).- Status:
Vaše spremembe se shranjujejo…— imperfective reflexive (impersonal).Vašecapitalized formal.spremembeis f. pl.,shranjujejois 3rd-person plural reflexive. - Comma before
če✓; no comma beforeali✓.
Worked Example — DUAL in action
Source: 2 files saved. They (the two files) are uploaded.
Translation:
Shranjeni sta 2 datoteki. Datoteki sta naloženi.
Why this works:
2 datoteki— DUAL form (NOT2 datoteke).Shranjeni sta—stais the dual auxiliary (NOTsowhich is plural for 3+).Shranjeniis the dual past participle (f. dual = -i ending).naloženi sta— same pattern.
Compare with 3 files:
Shranjene so 3 datoteke. Datoteke so naložene.
(so is plural, datoteke is plural noun, Shranjene is plural participle.)
And with 5 files:
Shranjenih je 5 datotek. Datoteke so naložene.
(5 triggers other = GEN pl; 5 datotek GEN pl. Note: for the 2nd sentence using "the files" as definite plural, datoteke so naložene uses pl.)
Worked Example — ICU plurals (the FOUR-category expansion)
Source:
You have {count, plural, one {# new message} other {# new messages}}.
Translation (full Slovenian four-category expansion — critical to include two):
Imate {count, plural,
one {# novo sporočilo}
two {# novi sporočili}
few {# nova sporočila}
other {# novih sporočil}
}.
Notes:
one(1, 101, 201…):1 novo sporočilo— n. NOM sg.two(2, 102, 202…):2 novi sporočili— n. DUAL. (DON'T skip this!)few(3, 4, 103, 104…):3 nova sporočila— n. NOM pl.other(0, 5+, 105+):5 novih sporočil— n. GEN pl.
Worked Example — Status messages
| State | English | ✓ Slovenian |
|---|---|---|
| Ongoing | Saving… | Shranjevanje… / Datoteka se shranjuje… / Poteka shranjevanje… (NOT Shranjujem… first-person) |
| Completed | Saved | Shranjeno (NOT Datoteka se je shranila reflexive past) |
| Failed | Save failed | Ni uspelo shraniti / Napaka pri shranjevanju (NOT Shranjevanje ni uspelo flat or Shranjevanje neuspešno calque) |
When in Doubt
- Default to sl, Vi (formal), perfective imperative buttons, dual where count = 2.
- If you see
2 X-e/-i/-ain plural form → switch to DUAL (2 datoteki,2 sistema,2 okni). - If you see
so delalifor 2 people → switch tosta delala/delali. - If ICU plural skips
twocategory → add it. - If you wrote
novi sistemwhen indefinite → switch to barenov sistem. - If a verb prefix has a space (
pre vesti) → join it:prevesti. - If
seis attached to a verb (prijavitise) → separate it:prijaviti se. - If you used
vznemirjenfor positive "excited" → switch toveselim se/navdušen. - If you wrote
Datoteka se je shranila→ use impersonalShranjeno. - If you wrote
Shranjevanje neuspešno→ useNi uspelo shraniti/Napaka pri shranjevanju. - If you used first-person status (
Računam…) → switch to impersonalPoteka izračun…/se izračunava…. - If you used
Avto-prefix → expand toSamodejno/Samodejna/Samodejno(adjective form per gender). - If you used
ć / đletters → those are Croatian/Serbian, not Slovenian — replace withč / d. - If a date is
15. januarja 2024→ use nominative15. januar 2024(Slovenian nominative, NOT genitive like Croatian/Slovak). - If currency is SIT or tolar → fix to
€/EUR(Slovenia adopted euro 2007).