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wacc-calculation

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Updated 10-16 08:46

About this skill

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On first use: Read ../../CLAUDE.md to obtain scenario-level configuration (WACC calculation standard/Beta source/risk premium parameters).


/wacc-calculation — WACC Calculation

Examples

→ Example: The user says "Help me calculate our company's WACC, to be used for DCF valuation." The system should invoke this skill and perform the WACC calculation.

→ Example: The user says "Will our WACC change after the rating downgrade? Help me estimate it." The system should invoke this skill to assess the impact of the rating change on WACC.

→ Example: The user says "Should the WACC for different businesses be the same, or should it be adjusted based on risk?" The system should invoke this skill to develop a risk-adjusted WACC methodology.

Step 1: Capital Structure Determination

Current capital structure:

□ 数据截止:[YYYY-MM-DD]
□ 数据来源:[财务系统/年报]

□ 资本结构明细:
| 项目 | 金额(万) | 占比 |
|------|-----------|------|
| 短期借款 | [X] | [X]% |
| 长期借款 | [X] | [X]% |
| 债券 | [X] | [X]% |
| 债务合计(D) | [X] | [X]% |
| 普通股权益 | [X] | [X]% |
| 少数股东权益 | [X] | [X]% |
| 权益合计(E) | [X] | [X]% |
| **合计(V = D+E)** | **[X]** | **100%** |

□ 市场价值 vs 账面价值:
  → 债务通常使用账面价值(接近市场价值,除非利率大幅变动)
  → 权益优先使用市场价值(如为上市公司)

Capital structure weights:

□ E/V = [X]%(权益权重)
□ D/V = [X]%(债务权重)
□ 资本结构类型:[保守/均衡/激进]

Step 2: Cost of Equity Calculation

CAPM model:

□ 无风险利率(Rf):
  → 参考基准:10 年期国债收益率
  → 当前值:[X]%([YYYY-MM-DD])
  → 数据来源:[Wind/Choice/彭博]

□ 市场风险溢价(ERP = Rm - Rf):
  → 历史 ERP([X] 年均值):[X]%
  → 当前市场隐含 ERP:[X]%
  → 推荐使用:[X]%([理由])

□ Beta 计算:
  → 方法 1:历史 Beta([X] 年,周/月)=[X]
  → 方法 2:行业 Beta(无杠杆)=[X]
  → 调整 Beta = 2/3 × 历史 + 1/3 × 1.0 = [X]

  → 推荐 Beta:[X]
  → 数据来源:[Bloomberg/FactSet/Wind]

□ 权益成本(CAPM):
  → Ke = Rf + Beta × ERP
  → = [X]% + [X] × [X]%
  → = [X]%

□ 权益成本附加调整(如适用):
  → 规模溢价:[+/-X]%(小市值公司附加)
  → 特定风险溢价:[+/-X]%(公司特定风险)
  → 调整后权益成本 = [X]%

Cost of equity summary:

□ 最终权益成本(Ke):[X]%
□ 计算依据:[CAPM + 附加调整]
□ 置信度:[高/中/低]

Step 3: Cost of Debt Calculation

Cost of debt calculation:

□ 税前债务成本:
  → 方法 1:现有债务利率加权 = [X]%
    (短期借款利率 [X]% × 权重 + 长期借款利率 [X]% × 权重)

  → 方法 2:当前新增借款利率 = [X]%
    (参考银行贷款基准利率 / 债券发行利率)

  → 推荐使用:[方法 1/2] — [理由]

□ 税率:
  → 公司所得税率:[X]%
  → 地方优惠税率(如适用):[X]% → 平均有效税率 [X]%

□ 税后债务成本:
  → Kd(after-tax) = 税前成本 × (1 - T)
  → = [X]% × (1 - [X]%)
  → = [X]%

Cost of debt adjustment (if necessary):

□ 债务评级(如有):
  → 公司债券评级:[AA/BBB/...]
  → 评级对应利差:[X] bps
  → 调整后债务成本 = 无风险利率 + 利差 = [X]%

□ 最终债务成本:[X]%

Step 4: WACC Assembly

WACC calculation:

□ WACC = E/V × Ke + D/V × Kd(after-tax)

  = [X]% × [X]% + [X]% × [X]%
  = [X]% + [X]%
  = [X]%

□ WACC = [X]%

WACC component contributions:

□ 权益贡献:E/V × Ke = [X]% × [X]% = [X]%(贡献 WACC 的 [X]%)
□ 债务贡献:D/V × Kd(after-tax) = [X]% × [X]% = [X]%(贡献 WACC 的 [X]%)

WACC sensitivity analysis:

□ WACC 对关键参数敏感性:
| 参数 | 变化 | WACC 变化 |
|------|------|----------|
| 无风险利率 +/-50bps | [+/-50bps] | [+/-X bps] |
| ERP +/-50bps | [+/-50bps] | [+/-X bps] |
| Beta +/-0.1 | [+/-0.1] | [+/-X bps] |
| 资本结构 D/E +/-10% | [+/-10%] | [+/-X bps] |

Step 5: History and Benchmarking

WACC history:

□ 过去 5 年 WACC:
  → [Year-4]:[X]%
  → [Year-3]:[X]%
  → [Year-2]:[X]%
  → [Year-1]:[X]%
  → [Year-0]:[X]%

□ 变化驱动因素:
  → [Year-1] → [Year-0] 变化:[+/-X] bps
  → 主因:[描述]

Industry benchmarking:

□ 同业 WACC 对比:
| 公司 | WACC | Beta | D/E | 备注 |
|------|------|------|-----|------|
| [同业A] | [X]% | [X] | [X] | ... |
| [同业B] | [X]% | [X] | [X] | ... |
| **行业中位数** | **[X]%** | — | — | — |

□ 我司 vs 行业中位数:[+/-X bps]
□ 差异原因:[分析]

Step 6: Generate WACC Calculation Report

═══════════════════════════════════════
WACC 计算报告
计算日期:[YYYY-MM-DD]
参考利率:[X]%(10 年国债)
═══════════════════════════════════════

【资本结构】
□ 债务(D):[X] 万([X]%)
□ 权益(E):[X] 万([X]%)
□ 合计(V):[X] 万

【权益成本】
□ 无风险利率(Rf):[X]%
□ 市场风险溢价(ERP):[X]%
□ Beta:[X]([历史/行业/调整])
□ 规模/特定溢价:[+/-X]%
□ 权益成本(Ke):[X]%

【债务成本】
□ 税前债务成本:[X]%
□ 有效税率:[X]%
□ 税后债务成本(Kd):[X]%

【WACC 结果】
═══════════════════════════════════════
□ WACC = [X]%
═══════════════════════════════════════

【WACC 贡献分解】
□ 权益贡献:[X]%([X] bps)
□ 债务贡献:[X]%([X] bps)

【历史趋势】
□ 上期 WACC:[X]% → 本期 WACC:[X]% = [+/-X] bps

【行业对标】
□ 行业中位数:[X]%
□ vs 行业:[+/-X] bps

【敏感性分析】
□ 最关键参数:[参数名](+/-50bps 导致 WACC +/-[X] bps)

【适用场景建议】
□ DCF 折现率:[✅ 直接使用 / ⚠️ 建议调整]
□ 投资评估门槛率:[建议 WACC +/-X bps]

═══════════════════════════════════════
置信度:[✅ 高 / ⚠️ 中 / 🔴 低]
WACC 稳定性:[✅ 稳定 / ⚠️ 波动]
═══════════════════════════════════════

Escalation Trigger Conditions

  • Significant change in the risk-free rate (> [X] bps)
  • Structural change in the Beta calculation basis (stock price/index)
  • Significant change in capital structure (> [X]% change)
  • Adjustment in the company's rating (affects cost of debt estimation)
  • WACC must be used for a major investment decision (> [X] ten thousand)
  • Significant divergence between the WACC calculation and market consensus (> [X] bps)

Finance Skills — wacc-calculation atomic skill