Follow these steps:
1. Identify the argument
Target: $ARGUMENTS, else the argument in the current context.
2. Examine the argument structure
Identify the claim, the supporting reasoning, and how the reasoning connects to the conclusion.
3. Check for common fallacy patterns
- False dichotomy: either/or when other options exist
- Slippery slope: claiming A inevitably leads to Z
- Ad hominem: attacking the person instead of the argument
- Straw man: misrepresenting a position to defeat it easily
- Appeal to authority: expert opinion substituting for evidence
- Correlation as causation: assuming correlation proves causation
- Hasty generalization: broad conclusions from limited examples
- Circular reasoning: using the conclusion as a premise
- Appeal to emotion: using fear or sympathy instead of logic
- Survivorship bias: observing only successes, ignoring failures
4. Identify the specific flaw
Pinpoint where the logic breaks down, what is assumed incorrectly, and what relevant information is ignored or obscured.
5. Check whether the reasoning is actually valid
Before flagging, steelman it: does context, domain knowledge, or a non-obvious valid inference justify what looks fallacious?
6. Explain the problem and suggest corrections
Show why the reasoning fails, give counter-examples if helpful, and indicate how it could be strengthened.