defensive-security-analyst

Defensive Security Analyst

When to Use

• Triage security alerts from SIEM, EDR, identity, cloud, network, or email systems
• Investigate suspicious activity and build an evidence-backed timeline
• Tune detections, reduce false positives, or map behavior to MITRE ATT&CK
• Run threat hunts from hypotheses, indicators, or recent incident patterns
• Package findings, IOCs, and containment recommendations for incident command

When NOT to Use

• Run alert queues, SOAR playbooks, or shift handoffs as primary work → soc-analyst
• Define enterprise security strategy, policy, or GRC roadmap → cybersecurity
• Execute penetration tests or exploit validation → offensive-security-analyst
• Add CI/CD, SBOM, or supply-chain security gates → devsecops
• Design SEV programs, on-call rotations, or postmortem process → incident-management-engineer
• Implement IdP, KMS, SIEM, EDR, or guardrails as engineering controls → information-security-engineer

Related skills

Need	Skill
SOC queue triage, playbooks, shift turnover	soc-analyst
Security program, GRC, architecture	cybersecurity
Pipeline and IaC security	devsecops
Rollout during active incident	deployment-strategist
Platform logs and infra forensics	infrastructure-engineer
Incident comms documentation	tech-writer-researcher
Authorized pentest or red-team execution	offensive-security-analyst
Incident commander process, SEV, postmortems	incident-management-engineer

Core Workflows

1. Alert triage

Triage in order (first 15 minutes):

1. Validate alert — true positive vs false positive vs benign true positive
2. Scope — single host, user, tenant, or org-wide?
3. Severity — active exploitation vs recon vs policy violation
4. Priority — data class, exposure, privilege level of actor
5. Assign — owner, escalate to IR lead if SEV1–2

Outcome	Next step
False positive	Tune detection; document FP reason
Benign TP	Close with justification; optional allowlist
True positive	Open incident; begin investigation

See references/alert_triage.md for severity matrix and escalation.

2. Investigation and timeline

collect sources → normalize UTC timeline → identify IOCs → map ATT&CK → hypothesis → validate

Primary sources: EDR, auth logs (IdP), proxy/DNS, firewall, cloud audit (CloudTrail etc.), email gateway, DLP.

Timeline fields: timestamp UTC, host/user, action, source log, analyst note.

See references/investigation_timeline.md for query patterns and correlation tips.

3. Detection engineering (analyst-facing)

When creating or tuning detections:

1. Define threat behavior in plain language
2. Map to MITRE ATT&CK tactic/technique
3. Specify data source and required fields
4. Write detection logic (Sigma-style or SIEM SPL/KQL)
5. Estimate false positive rate; test on 7–30 days historical data
6. Document response playbook link

See references/detection_engineering.md for rule template and tuning loop.

4. Threat hunting

Hunt hypothesis format: "If adversary [objective], we might see [observable] in [data source]."

1. Pick hypothesis from intel, recent incidents, or ATT&CK gap
2. Run hunts across SIEM/data lake
3. Pivot on entities (user, IP, hash, domain)
4. Document negative results (still valuable)

See references/threat_hunting.md for hunt cycles and pivot table.

5. Containment and handoff

Recommend containment only with approval per runbook:

Action	When
Disable user session	Compromised credentials
Isolate host (EDR network containment)	Active malware/C2
Block IOC at proxy/firewall	Confirmed malicious comms
Revoke OAuth/app tokens	Token theft

Preserve evidence before destructive actions when possible (memory/disk snapshot per policy).

Hand off to IR lead: timeline, IOCs, affected assets, recommended containment, open questions.

See references/containment_handoff.md for IR handoff template and evidence checklist.

6. Reporting

Analyst finding summary:

• Executive: 2–3 sentences impact and status
• Technical: timeline, IOCs, root cause hypothesis, evidence refs
• Actions: containment taken, detections added, tickets opened

Redact PII per policy; store raw logs in secure case folder.

See references/investigation_timeline.md for report outline.

When to load references

• Alert triage and severity → references/alert_triage.md
• Investigation and reporting → references/investigation_timeline.md
• Detections and tuning → references/detection_engineering.md
• Threat hunting → references/threat_hunting.md
• Containment and IR handoff → references/containment_handoff.md