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Skillskb-python-development

kb-python-development

Coding & development

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Updated 10-15 20:14

About this skill

Python Development Skill

Reference data for the Developer Hub, Python Specialist, and wxPython Specialist agents.

Python Version Quick Reference

Each version, with its key features and EOL.

Version Key Features EOL
3.10 match/case, X | Y unions, ParamSpec Oct 2026
3.11 Exception groups, Self type, tomllib, faster CPython Oct 2027
3.12 Type parameter syntax def f[T](), @override, f-string nesting Oct 2028
3.13 Experimental free-threaded mode, improved error messages Oct 2029
3.14 async pdb.set_trace_async(), template strings (PEP 750) Oct 2030

pyproject.toml Skeleton

[build-system]
requires = ["hatchling"]
build-backend = "hatchling.build"

[project]
name = "my-app"
version = "1.0.0"
requires-python = ">=3.10"
dependencies = []

[project.optional-dependencies]
dev = ["pytest>=8.0", "ruff>=0.6", "mypy>=1.11"]

[project.scripts]
myapp = "my_app.__main__:main"

[tool.pytest.ini_options]
testpaths = ["tests"]
addopts = "-ra --strict-markers"

[tool.ruff]
target-version = "py310"
line-length = 100

[tool.ruff.lint]
select = ["E", "F", "W", "I", "N", "UP", "B", "SIM", "TCH"]

[tool.mypy]
python_version = "3.10"
strict = true

PyInstaller Quick Reference

One-File Mode

exe = EXE(pyz, a.scripts, a.binaries, a.zipfiles, a.datas,
          name='MyApp', console=False, icon='icon.ico')

One-Folder Mode

exe = EXE(pyz, a.scripts, exclude_binaries=True,
          name='MyApp', console=False, icon='icon.ico')
coll = COLLECT(exe, a.binaries, a.zipfiles, a.datas, name='MyApp')

Common Hidden Imports

  • pkg_resources.extern
  • accessible_output2 (for a11y desktop apps)
  • keyring.backends (for credential storage)
  • platformdirs
  • httpx._transports / httpcore._backends
  • encodings (always needed)

wxPython Quick Reference

Sizer Cheat Sheet

Each sizer, with when to use.

Sizer When to Use
wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL) Stack items top-to-bottom
wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL) Lay items left-to-right
wx.GridBagSizer(vgap, hgap) Form layouts with labels + controls
wx.FlexGridSizer(rows, cols, vgap, hgap) Even grid layouts
wx.WrapSizer Flow layout that wraps
wx.StaticBoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL, parent, "Label") Grouped controls with border

Thread-Safe GUI Updates

# From worker thread:
wx.CallAfter(self.update_status, "Done")
wx.PostEvent(self, CustomEvent(data=result))

# NEVER do this from a worker thread:
self.status_bar.SetStatusText("Done")  # CRASH or CORRUPTION

Standard IDs

Each standard ID, with its ID and purpose.

ID Purpose
wx.ID_OK OK button
wx.ID_CANCEL Cancel button
wx.ID_SAVE Save action
wx.ID_OPEN Open action
wx.ID_EXIT Exit / Quit
wx.ID_HELP Help action
wx.ID_NEW New document
wx.ID_UNDO / wx.ID_REDO Undo / Redo

Event Types

Each event, with its trigger.

Event Trigger
wx.EVT_BUTTON Button click
wx.EVT_MENU Menu item selected
wx.EVT_CLOSE Window close requested
wx.EVT_SIZE Window resized
wx.EVT_TIMER Timer fired
wx.EVT_TEXT Text control content changed
wx.EVT_LIST_ITEM_SELECTED List item selected
wx.EVT_TREE_SEL_CHANGED Tree selection changed
wx.EVT_UPDATE_UI UI state update check

Common Pitfalls

Python

  • Mutable default arguments: def f(items=[]) shares the list across calls. Use None and create inside.
  • Late binding closures: lambda: x in a loop captures the variable, not the value. Use lambda x=x: x.
  • Circular imports: Move imports inside functions, use TYPE_CHECKING block, or restructure modules.
  • field() outside dataclass: field() is only valid inside @dataclass classes. Use plain type annotations elsewhere.
  • is vs ==: is checks identity, == checks equality. Use is only for None, True, False.
  • String concatenation in loops: Use "".join() or io.StringIO instead.

wxPython

  • GUI from worker thread: Always use wx.CallAfter() or wx.PostEvent().
  • Missing event.Skip(): Other handlers won't fire. Call event.Skip() unless you intentionally consume the event.
  • Timer not stopped: Stop timers in EVT_CLOSE handler to prevent callbacks after destruction.
  • AUI not uninitialized: Call _mgr.UnInit() in close handler.
  • Dialog not destroyed: Use context managers (with MyDialog(...) as dlg:) for automatic cleanup.
  • Wrong parent for sizer items: All controls in a sizer must have the same parent panel.
  • Absolute positioning: Never use SetPosition() or SetSize() for layout. Always use sizers.

Cross-Platform Paths

from platformdirs import user_config_dir, user_data_dir, user_cache_dir

config = user_config_dir("MyApp", "MyCompany")  # %APPDATA% / ~/Library/... / ~/.config/
data = user_data_dir("MyApp", "MyCompany")
cache = user_cache_dir("MyApp", "MyCompany")

Testing Quick Reference

# Run all tests
pytest

# Run specific test file
pytest tests/test_queue.py

# Run specific test
pytest tests/test_queue.py::test_submit_job -v

# With coverage
pytest --cov=mypackage --cov-report=term-missing

# Stop on first failure
pytest -x

# Show locals on failure
pytest -l

Logging Setup Template

import logging

def setup_logging(level: int = logging.INFO) -> None:
    logging.basicConfig(
        level=level,
        format="%(asctime)s %(name)s %(levelname)s %(message)s",
        datefmt="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
    )
    # Quiet noisy libraries
    logging.getLogger("httpx").setLevel(logging.WARNING)
    logging.getLogger("httpcore").setLevel(logging.WARNING)

Desktop Accessibility Quick Reference

Platform API Summary

Each platform, with API, python binding and use for.

Platform API Python Binding Use For
Windows UI Automation (UIA) comtypes, pywinauto Modern apps, NVDA/Narrator
Windows MSAA / IAccessible2 comtypes, pywinauto Legacy apps, JAWS
macOS NSAccessibility pyobjc VoiceOver

wxPython Accessibility Essentials

# Name every control that lacks a visible label
# CORRECT: use StaticText immediately before the control in the sizer
label = wx.StaticText(panel, label="Scan progress:")
# ctrl = wx.Gauge(panel)  -- add label to sizer right before ctrl
# WRONG: SetName() is ignored by screen readers
# ctrl.SetName("Scan progress")  -- only affects FindWindowByName()

# Tab order follows sizer insertion order; override with:
ctrl2.MoveAfterInTabOrder(ctrl1)

# Keyboard shortcuts via accelerator table
accel = wx.AcceleratorTable([
    (wx.ACCEL_CTRL, ord('S'), wx.ID_SAVE),
    (wx.ACCEL_CTRL, ord('Q'), wx.ID_EXIT),
])
frame.SetAcceleratorTable(accel)

# Platform-correct button order in dialogs
sizer.Add(dialog.CreateStdDialogButtonSizer(wx.OK | wx.CANCEL))

Screen Reader Interaction Model

Screen readers expose controls as: Name + Role + Value + State

Property wxPython Source Example
Name Preceding wx.StaticText, label= parameter, or SetToolTip() "Scan progress"
Role Widget type (automatic) button, text field, list
Value Widget content "75%", "Hello world"
State Widget flags focused, disabled, checked

Desktop A11y Checklist

  1. Every control has a meaningful name (preceding wx.StaticText for inputs, label= for buttons, SetToolTip() for image-only controls)
  2. Keyboard-only operation -- every action reachable via Tab/Enter/Space/arrows
  3. Focus visible -- never suppress focus indicators
  4. Tab order is logical (generally top-to-bottom, left-to-right)
  5. Color is not the sole information carrier
  6. High contrast mode supported (use system colors, not hardcoded)
  7. Dialogs use CreateStdDialogButtonSizer() for platform-correct button order
  8. AUI panes are keyboard-navigable

Structured Audit Rule Sets

When audit mode is activated, agents use these structured detection rule sets:

Rule Prefix Agent Scope Count
WX-A11Y-001..012 wxpython-specialist wxPython-specific patterns (StaticText labels, AcceleratorTable, mouse-only events, dialogs) 12 rules
DTK-A11Y-001..012 desktop-a11y-specialist Platform-level API patterns (Name/Role/State/Value, focus, UIA/NSAccessibility) 12 rules
TST-A11Y-001..010 desktop-a11y-testing-coach Test coverage gaps (automated tests, SR testing, keyboard plans, CI integration) 10 rules

Rule sets don't overlap -- WX covers wxPython widget patterns, DTK covers platform APIs, TST covers testing process gaps.

Agent Routing

For deeper expertise, the skill routes to these specialists:

  • desktop-a11y-specialist -- Platform API implementation, wx.Accessible, custom widget patterns (DTK-A11Y-* audit rules)
  • desktop-a11y-testing-coach -- NVDA/JAWS/Narrator testing, Accessibility Insights, automated UIA tests (TST-A11Y-* audit rules)
  • a11y-tool-builder -- Rule engine architecture, document parsers, severity scoring, report generators